Apollonian Circle Calculator
Free online apollonian circle calculator. Enter your values and get instant results with the formula, step-by-step working, a worked example and FAQs — everything runs locally in your browser on Calcton, no signup required.
中文版:阿波罗尼奥斯圆在线计算器
原理
笛卡尔圆定理(Descartes circle theorem,1643):四个两两相切的圆,其曲率 k = ±1/r(内凹外包圆取负号)满足 (k₁+k₂+k₃+k₄)² = 2(k₁²+k₂²+k₃²+k₄²)。解出 k₄ = k₁+k₂+k₃ ± 2√(k₁k₂+k₂k₃+k₃k₁),正号给内部小圆、负号给外面包围的公切圆。
反复以新圆替换旧圆即生成阿波罗尼奥斯垫圈(Apollonian gasket)——分形维数约 1.3057 的自相似圆堆积。该定理的 Soddy 1936 韵文版又名「Soddy 圆」。
使用步骤
① 输入三个两两相切圆的曲率(半径的倒数);② 计算得到内切第四圆与外包圆的曲率/半径;③ 把新圆曲率与任三旧圆组合可继续迭代生成垫圈。
计算示例
k = (1, 2, 3):k₄⁺ = 12.633249580711(r₄ = 0.079156197589),k₄⁻ = -0.633249580711(外包圆)。三等圆 k = (1, 1, 1):k₄⁺ = 3 + 2√3 = 6.464101615138、k₄⁻ = 3 − 2√3 = -0.464101615138。
注意事项
曲率必须用 1/r 而不是半径本身。k₄⁻ 为负表示外包圆是内凹的(半径取绝对值)。定理要求四圆两两相切;若给定的三圆不相切,结果无几何意义。四圆互换位置结论不变(方程对称)。
常见问题
Q:直线怎么处理?A:直线是半径无穷大的圆,曲率 0。如两个等圆与一条公切线围出的缝隙:k = (1, 1, 0) → k₄ = 2 ± 2√2。
Q:能推广到球吗?A:能——五球版 Soddy–Gossett 定理 (Σkᵢ)² = 3Σkᵢ²(五维为 nΣkᵢ²),三维四球加一球同理。
参考值区(Descartes 恒等式同源校验)
k = (1,2,3):k₄ = 12.633249580711 / -0.633249580711,r₄⁺ = 0.079156197589;(Σk)² = 2Σk² 恒等式数值零残差。
How to use the Apollonian Circle Calculator
- Fill in the inputs with your own numbers — every field shows what it expects.
- The result updates instantly as you type; no "Calculate" click needed.
- Read the result card for the main figure, the step-by-step formula, and practical notes.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Apollonian Circle Calculator free?
Yes — all math calculators on Calcton are free, with no sign-up required. Your inputs are processed in your browser and never sent to a server.
Is there a Chinese version of this tool?
Yes. Use the Chinese version link above — it is the same calculator with the interface in Simplified Chinese.
References
Formulas and benchmarks used by this calculator follow these published sources.
KevinContent LeadCalcton Editorial Team · Last updated 2026-09-29
Kevin maintains Calcton's formula verification and content: every calculator cites the standard it implements, worked examples are recomputed programmatically, and health benchmarks follow WHO and international guidelines.
Related calculators
More in this category: Math calculators
About math calculators
Free online math calculators for algebra, statistics, number theory and everyday arithmetic — from quadratic equations and matrices to percentages, fractions and prime factorization, each with step-by-step formulas.