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Apollonian Circle Calculator

Free online apollonian circle calculator. Enter your values and get instant results with the formula, step-by-step working, a worked example and FAQs — everything runs locally in your browser on Calcton, no signup required.

中文版:阿波罗尼奥斯圆在线计算器

Apollonian Circle Calculator
圆 1 曲率 k₁ = 1/r₁
圆 2 曲率 k₂ = 1/r₂
圆 3 曲率 k₃ = 1/r₃

原理

笛卡尔圆定理(Descartes circle theorem,1643):四个两两相切的圆,其曲率 k = ±1/r(内凹外包圆取负号)满足 (k₁+k₂+k₃+k₄)² = 2(k₁²+k₂²+k₃²+k₄²)。解出 k₄ = k₁+k₂+k₃ ± 2√(k₁k₂+k₂k₃+k₃k₁),正号给内部小圆、负号给外面包围的公切圆。

反复以新圆替换旧圆即生成阿波罗尼奥斯垫圈(Apollonian gasket)——分形维数约 1.3057 的自相似圆堆积。该定理的 Soddy 1936 韵文版又名「Soddy 圆」。

使用步骤

① 输入三个两两相切圆的曲率(半径的倒数);② 计算得到内切第四圆与外包圆的曲率/半径;③ 把新圆曲率与任三旧圆组合可继续迭代生成垫圈。

计算示例

k = (1, 2, 3):k₄⁺ = 12.633249580711(r₄ = 0.079156197589),k₄⁻ = -0.633249580711(外包圆)。三等圆 k = (1, 1, 1):k₄⁺ = 3 + 2√3 = 6.464101615138、k₄⁻ = 3 − 2√3 = -0.464101615138。

注意事项

曲率必须用 1/r 而不是半径本身。k₄⁻ 为负表示外包圆是内凹的(半径取绝对值)。定理要求四圆两两相切;若给定的三圆不相切,结果无几何意义。四圆互换位置结论不变(方程对称)。

常见问题

Q:直线怎么处理?A:直线是半径无穷大的圆,曲率 0。如两个等圆与一条公切线围出的缝隙:k = (1, 1, 0) → k₄ = 2 ± 2√2。

Q:能推广到球吗?A:能——五球版 Soddy–Gossett 定理 (Σkᵢ)² = 3Σkᵢ²(五维为 nΣkᵢ²),三维四球加一球同理。

参考值区(Descartes 恒等式同源校验)

k = (1,2,3):k₄ = 12.633249580711 / -0.633249580711,r₄⁺ = 0.079156197589;(Σk)² = 2Σk² 恒等式数值零残差。

How to use the Apollonian Circle Calculator

  1. Fill in the inputs with your own numbers — every field shows what it expects.
  2. The result updates instantly as you type; no "Calculate" click needed.
  3. Read the result card for the main figure, the step-by-step formula, and practical notes.

Frequently asked questions

Is the Apollonian Circle Calculator free?

Yes — all math calculators on Calcton are free, with no sign-up required. Your inputs are processed in your browser and never sent to a server.

Is there a Chinese version of this tool?

Yes. Use the Chinese version link above — it is the same calculator with the interface in Simplified Chinese.

References

Formulas and benchmarks used by this calculator follow these published sources.

  1. dlmf.nist.gov
  2. mathworld.wolfram.com
Kevin's profile

KevinContent LeadCalcton Editorial Team · Last updated 2026-09-29

Kevin maintains Calcton's formula verification and content: every calculator cites the standard it implements, worked examples are recomputed programmatically, and health benchmarks follow WHO and international guidelines.

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