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Branching Process Calculator

Free online branching process calculator. Enter your values and get instant results with the formula, step-by-step working, a worked example and FAQs — everything runs locally in your browser on Calcton, no signup required.

中文版:分支过程计算器

Branching Process Calculator
后代分布:P(0 个)、P(1 个)、P(2 个),三者之和为 1
P(1 个后代)
P(2 个后代)

原理:Galton-Watson 分支过程假设每个个体独立按同一分布产生后代。后代期望 m 决定家族命运:m 小于 1 时家族必然灭绝,且期望总规模有限(1/(1−m));m 大于 1 时有正概率永续繁衍,灭绝概率 q 是方程 q = G(q) 的最小根(G 为后代分布的母函数);m 恰为 1 时依然必然灭绝。

步骤:① 输入后代分布(本工具取 0/1/2 个后代的概率);② 点击分析;③ 读出临界参数与灭绝概率。

示例:分布 (0.2, 0.3, 0.5) 时 m = 1.3,灭绝概率 q = 0.4——虽然平均每个体留下 1.3 个后代,家族仍有四成概率断子绝孙。

注意事项:本工具只支持最多 2 个后代的三点分布,更一般的分布需要数值解母函数方程;灭绝概率是「最终」灭绝,与多快灭绝无关;姓氏延续、病毒传播链、链式反应都可用此模型粗估。

相关:几何分布计算器给出单链繁衍的最简情形;期望值计算器解释 m 的含义; 放射性衰变计算器展示原子层面的类似随机性。

How to use the Branching Process Calculator

  1. Fill in the inputs with your own numbers — every field shows what it expects.
  2. The result updates instantly as you type; no "Calculate" click needed.
  3. Read the result card for the main figure, the step-by-step formula, and practical notes.

Frequently asked questions

Is the Branching Process Calculator free?

Yes — all math calculators on Calcton are free, with no sign-up required. Your inputs are processed in your browser and never sent to a server.

Is there a Chinese version of this tool?

Yes. Use the Chinese version link above — it is the same calculator with the interface in Simplified Chinese.

References

Formulas and benchmarks used by this calculator follow these published sources.

  1. dlmf.nist.gov
  2. mathworld.wolfram.com
Kevin's profile

KevinContent LeadCalcton Editorial Team · Last updated 2026-10-05

Kevin maintains Calcton's formula verification and content: every calculator cites the standard it implements, worked examples are recomputed programmatically, and health benchmarks follow WHO and international guidelines.

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