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Cardioid Calculator

Free online cardioid calculator. Enter your values and get instant results with the formula, step-by-step working, a worked example and FAQs — everything runs locally in your browser on Calcton, no signup required.

中文版:心形线在线计算器

Cardioid Calculator
标度 a(r = a(1 + cosθ))
取点角度 θ(弧度,如 0.5)

原理

心形线(cardioid)r = a(1 + cosθ) 是圆 rolling 于等半径圆外时的外摆线特例,也是 limacon 蜗牛线 b = a 的临界形状。极坐标面积 A = (1/2)∫₀..2π a²(1+cosθ)²dθ = 3πa²/2,周长由 |v| = 2a·cos(θ/2) 积分得 8a。

θ = π 处 r = 0 形成尖点;θ = 0 处最远 ρ = 2a。极坐标方程在 θ∈[0, 2π) 单值,一条闭曲线。

使用步骤

① 输入标度 a 与想要取点的角度 θ(弧度);② 计算得到面积、周长与该方向的极径、直角坐标;③ 用于绘制或校验心形天线、麦克风指向性图样。

计算示例

a = 1:A = 4.712388980385(恰为 3π/2),L = 8.000000000000;θ = 0.5 时 ρ = 1.877582561890、点 ≈ (1.647733714824, 0.900161031008)。a = 2 时 A = 6π = 18.849555921539。

注意事项

若你的心形线写成 r = a(1 − cosθ) 或 (1 + sinθ),只是整体旋转/镜像,面积与周长公式不变。心形线也是 Mandelbrot 集的主心形边界(周期 1 主心形)。

常见问题

Q:为什么周长 8a 与直径 4a 只差 2 倍?A:心形线一周要绕尖点拐折,弧长集中在「鼓包」一侧,|v| = 2a|cos(θ/2)| 在 θ = 0 处最大 2a、θ = π 处为 0,积出 8a。

Q:面积与外摆线公式一致吗?A:一致。198 批 epicycloid 工具中 R = r 时 A = π(R+r)(R+2r) = 6πr²,对应此处 a(尖点标度)= 2r,即 6π(a/2)² = 3πa²/2。

参考值区(GL16 数值校验同源)

a = 1:极坐标 A = 4.712388980385、L = 8.000000000000;a = 2:A = 18.849555921539;shoelace 72 万点复算一致。

How to use the Cardioid Calculator

  1. Fill in the inputs with your own numbers — every field shows what it expects.
  2. The result updates instantly as you type; no "Calculate" click needed.
  3. Read the result card for the main figure, the step-by-step formula, and practical notes.

Frequently asked questions

Is the Cardioid Calculator free?

Yes — all math calculators on Calcton are free, with no sign-up required. Your inputs are processed in your browser and never sent to a server.

Is there a Chinese version of this tool?

Yes. Use the Chinese version link above — it is the same calculator with the interface in Simplified Chinese.

References

Formulas and benchmarks used by this calculator follow these published sources.

  1. dlmf.nist.gov
  2. mathworld.wolfram.com
Kevin's profile

KevinContent LeadCalcton Editorial Team · Last updated 2026-09-29

Kevin maintains Calcton's formula verification and content: every calculator cites the standard it implements, worked examples are recomputed programmatically, and health benchmarks follow WHO and international guidelines.

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