Cardioid Calculator
Free online cardioid calculator. Enter your values and get instant results with the formula, step-by-step working, a worked example and FAQs — everything runs locally in your browser on Calcton, no signup required.
中文版:心形线在线计算器
原理
心形线(cardioid)r = a(1 + cosθ) 是圆 rolling 于等半径圆外时的外摆线特例,也是 limacon 蜗牛线 b = a 的临界形状。极坐标面积 A = (1/2)∫₀..2π a²(1+cosθ)²dθ = 3πa²/2,周长由 |v| = 2a·cos(θ/2) 积分得 8a。
θ = π 处 r = 0 形成尖点;θ = 0 处最远 ρ = 2a。极坐标方程在 θ∈[0, 2π) 单值,一条闭曲线。
使用步骤
① 输入标度 a 与想要取点的角度 θ(弧度);② 计算得到面积、周长与该方向的极径、直角坐标;③ 用于绘制或校验心形天线、麦克风指向性图样。
计算示例
a = 1:A = 4.712388980385(恰为 3π/2),L = 8.000000000000;θ = 0.5 时 ρ = 1.877582561890、点 ≈ (1.647733714824, 0.900161031008)。a = 2 时 A = 6π = 18.849555921539。
注意事项
若你的心形线写成 r = a(1 − cosθ) 或 (1 + sinθ),只是整体旋转/镜像,面积与周长公式不变。心形线也是 Mandelbrot 集的主心形边界(周期 1 主心形)。
常见问题
Q:为什么周长 8a 与直径 4a 只差 2 倍?A:心形线一周要绕尖点拐折,弧长集中在「鼓包」一侧,|v| = 2a|cos(θ/2)| 在 θ = 0 处最大 2a、θ = π 处为 0,积出 8a。
Q:面积与外摆线公式一致吗?A:一致。198 批 epicycloid 工具中 R = r 时 A = π(R+r)(R+2r) = 6πr²,对应此处 a(尖点标度)= 2r,即 6π(a/2)² = 3πa²/2。
参考值区(GL16 数值校验同源)
a = 1:极坐标 A = 4.712388980385、L = 8.000000000000;a = 2:A = 18.849555921539;shoelace 72 万点复算一致。
How to use the Cardioid Calculator
- Fill in the inputs with your own numbers — every field shows what it expects.
- The result updates instantly as you type; no "Calculate" click needed.
- Read the result card for the main figure, the step-by-step formula, and practical notes.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Cardioid Calculator free?
Yes — all math calculators on Calcton are free, with no sign-up required. Your inputs are processed in your browser and never sent to a server.
Is there a Chinese version of this tool?
Yes. Use the Chinese version link above — it is the same calculator with the interface in Simplified Chinese.
References
Formulas and benchmarks used by this calculator follow these published sources.
KevinContent LeadCalcton Editorial Team · Last updated 2026-09-29
Kevin maintains Calcton's formula verification and content: every calculator cites the standard it implements, worked examples are recomputed programmatically, and health benchmarks follow WHO and international guidelines.
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