Ehrenfest Urn Calculator
Free online ehrenfest urn calculator. Enter your values and get instant results with the formula, step-by-step working, a worked example and FAQs — everything runs locally in your browser on Calcton, no signup required.
中文版:埃伦费斯特瓮计算器
原理:埃伦费斯特瓮是热力学第二定律的概率模型——N 个球在两个瓮间每步随机选一球移到另一瓮。球数偏向均匀(两瓮各半),稳态分布是二项分布 C(N,k)/2ᴺ;从半数状态出发回到该状态的期望时间是 2ᴺ/C(N,N/2),随 N 指数增长——这正是「熵增容易熵减难」的数学表达。
步骤:① 输入球数 N;② 点击分析;③ 读出稳态峰值概率与期望返回时间。
示例:N = 10 时两瓮各 5 个的稳态概率 0.24609375,期望返回时间 4.063492063492 步;N = 4 时返回时间只有 2.666666666667 步——系统越大,自发回到均衡态越罕见。
注意事项:期望返回时间大不代表链混合慢,单步转移仍很快;本模型每个球被选中的概率相等,带偏好的变体会改变稳态分布;N 较大时 C(N,N/2) 数值很大,工具内部用乘积式组合数避免溢出。
相关:二项分布计算器给出稳态分布的形状;平稳分布计算器处理一般转移矩阵;熵相关工具可扩展比较微观状态数。
How to use the Ehrenfest Urn Calculator
- Fill in the inputs with your own numbers — every field shows what it expects.
- The result updates instantly as you type; no "Calculate" click needed.
- Read the result card for the main figure, the step-by-step formula, and practical notes.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Ehrenfest Urn Calculator free?
Yes — all math calculators on Calcton are free, with no sign-up required. Your inputs are processed in your browser and never sent to a server.
Is there a Chinese version of this tool?
Yes. Use the Chinese version link above — it is the same calculator with the interface in Simplified Chinese.
References
Formulas and benchmarks used by this calculator follow these published sources.
KevinContent LeadCalcton Editorial Team · Last updated 2026-10-05
Kevin maintains Calcton's formula verification and content: every calculator cites the standard it implements, worked examples are recomputed programmatically, and health benchmarks follow WHO and international guidelines.
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