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Grundy Numbers Calculator

Free online grundy numbers calculator. Enter your values and get instant results with the formula, step-by-step working, a worked example and FAQs — everything runs locally in your browser on Calcton, no signup required.

中文版:Grundy 数在线计算器

Grundy Numbers Calculator
可取走石子集合 S(逗号分隔正整数)
计算范围 N(8 ≤ N ≤ 200)

原理:Sprague–Grundy 定理是组合博弈论的基石。对「从一堆 n 颗石子中每次取走 S 中某个数量」的减法博弈,定义 Grundy 数 sg(n) = mex{sg(n−s) : s ∈ S}(mex 为不在集合内的最小非负整数)。sg(n) = 0 当且仅当先手必败;对多堆博弈,整局异或 sg(n₁) ⊕ sg(n₂) ⊕ … = 0 当且仅当先手必败——这就是 Nim 定理。集合 {1, 2, 3} 给出 sg(n) = n mod 4;集合 {1, 3, 4} 给出序列 0,1,0,1,2,3,2 以 7 为周期循环。

步骤:输入可取走的石子数集合与计算范围 N,得到 Grundy 序列、必败态位置与周期检测结果。

示例:S = {1, 3, 4} 时前 13 项为 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3,周期 = 7,必败态为 0, 7, 14, 21, 28;三堆各 1、1、3 颗时 1 ⊕ 1 ⊕ 3 = 3 ≠ 0,先手必胜。

注意事项:集合元素须为正整数且不超过 N;周期检测只在前 N 项内寻找(周期 ≤ 40),部分集合存在预热段(前几项不进入周期),此时报告未检出。多堆判定直接对各堆 sg 值取异或即可,无需展开搜索。

相关:{1, 3, 4} 周期 7;3 为演示异或值;必败态间隔 7。

How to use the Grundy Numbers Calculator

  1. Fill in the inputs with your own numbers — every field shows what it expects.
  2. The result updates instantly as you type; no "Calculate" click needed.
  3. Read the result card for the main figure, the step-by-step formula, and practical notes.

Frequently asked questions

Is the Grundy Numbers Calculator free?

Yes — all math calculators on Calcton are free, with no sign-up required. Your inputs are processed in your browser and never sent to a server.

Is there a Chinese version of this tool?

Yes. Use the Chinese version link above — it is the same calculator with the interface in Simplified Chinese.

References

Formulas and benchmarks used by this calculator follow these published sources.

  1. dlmf.nist.gov
  2. mathworld.wolfram.com
Kevin's profile

KevinContent LeadCalcton Editorial Team · Last updated 2026-10-01

Kevin maintains Calcton's formula verification and content: every calculator cites the standard it implements, worked examples are recomputed programmatically, and health benchmarks follow WHO and international guidelines.

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