Josephus Problem Calculator
Free online josephus problem calculator. Enter your values and get instant results with the formula, step-by-step working, a worked example and FAQs — everything runs locally in your browser on Calcton, no signup required.
中文版:约瑟夫问题幸存者计算器
原理
约瑟夫问题源自弗拉维奥·约瑟夫斯的叙述:n 人围圈,从 1 号开始报数,每数到第 k 人出列,下一位重新报数,求最后幸存者。递推 J(1) = 0、J(i) = (J(i−1) + k) mod i(0 起始)一步 O(n) 得解;k = 2 时有闭式:写 n = 2^m + L,幸存者 = 2L + 1。
经典一问 n = 41、k = 2:41 = 32 + 9,幸存位置 2×9 + 1 = 19。传说约瑟夫斯与同伴靠此推理站到免死的 16、31 号(留最后两名的变体),而非唯一幸存位。
使用步骤
① 输入人数 n 与步长 k;② 得到幸存者编号与出列顺序前 8 位;③ k = 2 时可用 2L+1 口算验证。
计算示例
J(5, 2) = 3(出列 2、4、1、5,剩 3);J(41, 2) = 19;J(100, 3) = 91;J(1000, 7) = 404。
注意事项
编号约定影响答案:本工具用 1 起始、从 1 号开始报数;若从第 s 人开始报数,幸存者为 (J(n,k) + s − 1) mod n + 1。k = 1 时每轮第一人出列,幸存者是第 n 人。
常见问题
Q:为什么 k = 2 有公式?A:每淘汰一轮人数减半,2 的幂处编号重置为 1,此后每次淘汰跳一格——幸存者恰是「补到下一个 2 的幂所需的 2L 步」对应者。
Q:能求第 m 个出列者吗?A:可以,反向递推或用阶乘数系(k = n 的情形与排列秩一一对应),本工具给出前 8 个出列位供核对。
参考值区(同源数值校验)
J(41, 2) = 19(2L+1 = 19)、J(7, 3) = 4、J(1000, 7) = 404;出列顺序 n=5, k=2:2 → 4 → 1 → 5,幸存 3。
How to use the Josephus Problem Calculator
- Fill in the inputs with your own numbers — every field shows what it expects.
- The result updates instantly as you type; no "Calculate" click needed.
- Read the result card for the main figure, the step-by-step formula, and practical notes.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Josephus Problem Calculator free?
Yes — all math calculators on Calcton are free, with no sign-up required. Your inputs are processed in your browser and never sent to a server.
Is there a Chinese version of this tool?
Yes. Use the Chinese version link above — it is the same calculator with the interface in Simplified Chinese.
References
Formulas and benchmarks used by this calculator follow these published sources.
KevinContent LeadCalcton Editorial Team · Last updated 2026-09-30
Kevin maintains Calcton's formula verification and content: every calculator cites the standard it implements, worked examples are recomputed programmatically, and health benchmarks follow WHO and international guidelines.
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