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Pappus Theorem Calculator

Free online pappus theorem calculator. Enter your values and get instant results with the formula, step-by-step working, a worked example and FAQs — everything runs locally in your browser on Calcton, no signup required.

中文版:帕普斯定理在线计算器

Pappus Theorem Calculator
环面大半径 R(旋转轴到圆心)
环面管半径 r(生成圆半径)

原理:亚历山大的帕普斯(公元 4 世纪,《数学汇编》第七卷,亦归名古尔丁定理)给出两个旋转体定理。第一定理(体积):平面图形绕不相交轴旋转一周,体积 = 图形面积 × 质心经过的路程,V = 2π·d̄·A。圆盘旋转成环面:A = πr²、d̄ = R,故 V = 2πR·πr² = 2π²Rr²。第二定理(面积):平面曲线绕不相交轴旋转的侧面积 = 弧长 × 弧质心路程,S = 2π·d̄·L。半圆弧旋转成球面:L = πr、半圆弧质心距 = 2r/π(由 ∫ sin t dt / π),故 S = 2π·(2r/π)·πr = 4πr²——阿基米德的球面积公式由此一行得出。两定理把「旋转体」问题整体化归为「找质心」,是积分史前最深刻的几何求积。

步骤:输入环面的 R 与 r(需 R > r 保证自不相交),输出闭式体积、以 2000 段复合高斯求积对生成圆盘做的数值校验,以及半圆弧旋转成球面的面积对拍(含数值弧长与数值质心)。

示例:R = 3、r = 1 时环面体积 = 59.217626406536(= 2π²·3),数值校验 = 59.217626483972;r = 1 球面面积 = 12.566370614359,数值校验 = 12.566370614359;半圆弧质心 = 0.636619772368(理论 2/π ≈ 0.636619772368)。

注意事项:需 R > r(R = r 时环面自切成角环,轴穿过生成图形,定理前提失效);两定理只适用于与轴不相交的图形;体积数值校验对圆盘边缘(被积函数含 √ 的端点奇异)使用 2000 段复合求积,误差小于 1e-6;环面体积亦可用二重积分 ∫∫ 2πx dA 直接算得,两条路径必相等。

相关:球体积与表面积工具给出阿基米德球公式族;质心工具实现一般图形的形心积分;圆柱体积是环面 R → ∞ 的退化极限。

How to use the Pappus Theorem Calculator

  1. Fill in the inputs with your own numbers — every field shows what it expects.
  2. The result updates instantly as you type; no "Calculate" click needed.
  3. Read the result card for the main figure, the step-by-step formula, and practical notes.

Frequently asked questions

Is the Pappus Theorem Calculator free?

Yes — all math calculators on Calcton are free, with no sign-up required. Your inputs are processed in your browser and never sent to a server.

Is there a Chinese version of this tool?

Yes. Use the Chinese version link above — it is the same calculator with the interface in Simplified Chinese.

References

Formulas and benchmarks used by this calculator follow these published sources.

  1. dlmf.nist.gov
  2. mathworld.wolfram.com
Kevin's profile

KevinContent LeadCalcton Editorial Team · Last updated 2026-10-01

Kevin maintains Calcton's formula verification and content: every calculator cites the standard it implements, worked examples are recomputed programmatically, and health benchmarks follow WHO and international guidelines.

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