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Peano Curve Calculator

Free online peano curve calculator. Enter your values and get instant results with the formula, step-by-step working, a worked example and FAQs — everything runs locally in your browser on Calcton, no signup required.

中文版:皮亚诺曲线在线计算器

Peano Curve Calculator
逼近阶数 n(1–12)

原理

皮亚诺曲线(Peano curve,1890)是第一条被证明的「空间填充曲线」:把单位正方形九等分,用 S 形折线穿过全部 9 格;每阶每格再细分 9 份。n 阶逼近由 9ⁿ 条长 3⁻ⁿ 的线段组成,总长 L = 3ⁿ。

当 n → ∞ 时长度发散至无穷、却收敛为填满整个正方形的连续映射,Hausdorff 维数 log9/log3 = 2——「线」的维数等于「面」。皮亚诺原始构造基于基 9 的三进制格雷码;与 Hilbert 曲线(198 批工具,L = (4ⁿ−1)/2ⁿ)相比,Peano 用 3×3 分裂、Hilbert 用 2×2 分裂。

使用步骤

① 输入逼近阶 n;② 计算该阶折线总长、段数与段长;③ 观察 L = 3ⁿ 的指数增长与段长 3⁻ⁿ 的收缩,体会「长度发散、面积收敛」的反直觉结构。

计算示例

n = 1:L = 3 = 3.000000000000;n = 2:L = 9;n = 3:L = 27.000000000000;n = 12 时 L = 531441、段数 9¹² ≈ 2.82×10¹¹——长度与段数都是指数爆炸,而覆盖面积恒为 1。

注意事项

不同文献对「皮亚诺曲线」的分形约定略有差异(有的从 1/3 尺度起算、有的含斜段),本工具采用标准 3×3 九分折线约定:Lₙ = 3ⁿ、段长 3⁻ⁿ、D = 2。皮亚诺曲线不可求长(真极限不是可求长曲线),数值结果只对 n 阶逼近有效。

常见问题

Q:长度无穷、面积有限,矛盾吗?A:不矛盾——长度与面积是不同测度。极限映射是连续满射但处处不可微,长度对它已无定义,只有逼近阶的折线长度有意义。

Q:它有什么用?A:空间填充思想用于图像扫描序(Hilbert/Peano 序列)、数据库多维索引与缓存局部性优化——一维地址遍历高维网格时保持邻近性。

参考值区

L₁ = 3、L₂ = 9、L₃ = 27;填充率 = 1(单位方块全覆盖);D = log9/log3 = 2.000000。

How to use the Peano Curve Calculator

  1. Fill in the inputs with your own numbers — every field shows what it expects.
  2. The result updates instantly as you type; no "Calculate" click needed.
  3. Read the result card for the main figure, the step-by-step formula, and practical notes.

Frequently asked questions

Is the Peano Curve Calculator free?

Yes — all math calculators on Calcton are free, with no sign-up required. Your inputs are processed in your browser and never sent to a server.

Is there a Chinese version of this tool?

Yes. Use the Chinese version link above — it is the same calculator with the interface in Simplified Chinese.

References

Formulas and benchmarks used by this calculator follow these published sources.

  1. dlmf.nist.gov
  2. mathworld.wolfram.com
Kevin's profile

KevinContent LeadCalcton Editorial Team · Last updated 2026-09-29

Kevin maintains Calcton's formula verification and content: every calculator cites the standard it implements, worked examples are recomputed programmatically, and health benchmarks follow WHO and international guidelines.

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