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Witch Of Agnesi Calculator

Free online witch of agnesi calculator. Enter your values and get instant results with the formula, step-by-step working, a worked example and FAQs — everything runs locally in your browser on Calcton, no signup required.

中文版:箕舌线在线计算器

Witch Of Agnesi Calculator
参数 a(y = 8a³/(x² + 4a²))
取点横坐标 x

原理

箕舌线(witch of Agnesi)由圆的构造生成:取直径 2a 的圆,从顶点作射线交圆与切线 y = 2a,交点纵坐标的中点轨迹即 y = 8a³/(x² + 4a²)。曲线与渐近线 y = 0 之间的面积用标准积分 ∫8a³/(x²+4a²)dx = 4πa²(arctan 原函数取全实轴极限)。

曲线是钟形、处处光滑,峰值 2a 在 x = 0,拐点在 x = ±2a/√3(y = 3a/2)。它是概率论中 Cauchy 分布形态的确定性雏形——Maria Agnesi 1748 年在《分析基础》中系统研究,得名于意大利语 versiera 的误译(avversiera → witch)。

使用步骤

① 输入参数 a 与想取的横坐标 x;② 计算面积与 y(x);③ 需要归一化的钟形剖面(如光学 PSF 教学演示)时按 1/(8πa³)·y 使用。

计算示例

a = 1:A = 12.566370614359(= 4π = 12.566370614359);y(1) = 1.600000000000;峰值 y(0) = 2;拐点 y = 1.5 在 x = ±1.154700538379。数值积分(GL16 + 解析尾项)与 4π 一致到 1e−9。

注意事项

本曲线与柯西分布密度 f(x) = 1/(π(1+x²)) 仅差尺度因子:a = 1/2 的箕舌线恰是标准 Cauchy 密度的 4 倍高度版本。 tails 极重——面积收得很慢,数值积分必须配解析尾项。

常见问题

Q:为什么叫「女巫」?A:翻译事故——Agnesi 用的意大利语 la versiera(转动之线)被剑桥译者读成 l'avversiera(魔女)。数学上与巫术无关。

Q:面积 4πa² 怎么记?A:∫dx/(x²+c²) = (1/c)arctan(x/c) 取 c = 2a,全轴极限给 π/(2a),乘 8a³ 得 4πa²——峰值 2a、宽 ~4a、面积近圆面积 π(2a)² 的量级。

参考值区(GL16 + 解析尾项同源校验)

a = 1:A = 12.566370614359;y(±2/√3) = 1.499999999999(拐点);y(0) = 2。

How to use the Witch Of Agnesi Calculator

  1. Fill in the inputs with your own numbers — every field shows what it expects.
  2. The result updates instantly as you type; no "Calculate" click needed.
  3. Read the result card for the main figure, the step-by-step formula, and practical notes.

Frequently asked questions

Is the Witch Of Agnesi Calculator free?

Yes — all math calculators on Calcton are free, with no sign-up required. Your inputs are processed in your browser and never sent to a server.

Is there a Chinese version of this tool?

Yes. Use the Chinese version link above — it is the same calculator with the interface in Simplified Chinese.

References

Formulas and benchmarks used by this calculator follow these published sources.

  1. dlmf.nist.gov
  2. mathworld.wolfram.com
Kevin's profile

KevinContent LeadCalcton Editorial Team · Last updated 2026-09-29

Kevin maintains Calcton's formula verification and content: every calculator cites the standard it implements, worked examples are recomputed programmatically, and health benchmarks follow WHO and international guidelines.

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