Witch Of Agnesi Calculator
Free online witch of agnesi calculator. Enter your values and get instant results with the formula, step-by-step working, a worked example and FAQs — everything runs locally in your browser on Calcton, no signup required.
中文版:箕舌线在线计算器
原理
箕舌线(witch of Agnesi)由圆的构造生成:取直径 2a 的圆,从顶点作射线交圆与切线 y = 2a,交点纵坐标的中点轨迹即 y = 8a³/(x² + 4a²)。曲线与渐近线 y = 0 之间的面积用标准积分 ∫8a³/(x²+4a²)dx = 4πa²(arctan 原函数取全实轴极限)。
曲线是钟形、处处光滑,峰值 2a 在 x = 0,拐点在 x = ±2a/√3(y = 3a/2)。它是概率论中 Cauchy 分布形态的确定性雏形——Maria Agnesi 1748 年在《分析基础》中系统研究,得名于意大利语 versiera 的误译(avversiera → witch)。
使用步骤
① 输入参数 a 与想取的横坐标 x;② 计算面积与 y(x);③ 需要归一化的钟形剖面(如光学 PSF 教学演示)时按 1/(8πa³)·y 使用。
计算示例
a = 1:A = 12.566370614359(= 4π = 12.566370614359);y(1) = 1.600000000000;峰值 y(0) = 2;拐点 y = 1.5 在 x = ±1.154700538379。数值积分(GL16 + 解析尾项)与 4π 一致到 1e−9。
注意事项
本曲线与柯西分布密度 f(x) = 1/(π(1+x²)) 仅差尺度因子:a = 1/2 的箕舌线恰是标准 Cauchy 密度的 4 倍高度版本。 tails 极重——面积收得很慢,数值积分必须配解析尾项。
常见问题
Q:为什么叫「女巫」?A:翻译事故——Agnesi 用的意大利语 la versiera(转动之线)被剑桥译者读成 l'avversiera(魔女)。数学上与巫术无关。
Q:面积 4πa² 怎么记?A:∫dx/(x²+c²) = (1/c)arctan(x/c) 取 c = 2a,全轴极限给 π/(2a),乘 8a³ 得 4πa²——峰值 2a、宽 ~4a、面积近圆面积 π(2a)² 的量级。
参考值区(GL16 + 解析尾项同源校验)
a = 1:A = 12.566370614359;y(±2/√3) = 1.499999999999(拐点);y(0) = 2。
How to use the Witch Of Agnesi Calculator
- Fill in the inputs with your own numbers — every field shows what it expects.
- The result updates instantly as you type; no "Calculate" click needed.
- Read the result card for the main figure, the step-by-step formula, and practical notes.
Frequently asked questions
Is the Witch Of Agnesi Calculator free?
Yes — all math calculators on Calcton are free, with no sign-up required. Your inputs are processed in your browser and never sent to a server.
Is there a Chinese version of this tool?
Yes. Use the Chinese version link above — it is the same calculator with the interface in Simplified Chinese.
References
Formulas and benchmarks used by this calculator follow these published sources.
KevinContent LeadCalcton Editorial Team · Last updated 2026-09-29
Kevin maintains Calcton's formula verification and content: every calculator cites the standard it implements, worked examples are recomputed programmatically, and health benchmarks follow WHO and international guidelines.
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