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Public Goods Game Calculator

Free online public goods game calculator. Enter your values and get instant results with the formula, step-by-step working, a worked example and FAQs — everything runs locally in your browser on Calcton, no signup required.

中文版:公共品博弈计算器

Public Goods Game Calculator
参数:人数 n, 乘数 m, 捐献额 c(逗号分隔)

原理:公共品博弈里每人向公共池捐 c,池中总额乘以乘数 m 后平均分给 n 人。捐献者的私人回报是 (m/n)·c——当 m < n 时小于成本 c,于是「不捐」严格占优;但若所有人都不捐,集体只剩各自留存的 c,而全捐能拿到 m·c 的更高人均收益。个体理性与集体理性的裂口正是搭便车问题。

步骤:① 输入人数、乘数与捐献额;② 点击分析;③ 对比捐/不捐的收益差与全捐/全不捐的集体结果。

示例:n = 4、m = 2、c = 10 时,捐献让个人亏 -5,但全捐人均 20 高于全不捐的 10,而搭便车者白拿 15——是最舒服的位置。

注意事项:m ≥ n 时捐献本身是私人最优,不存在困境;实验中真实捐献率通常在均衡(零捐)之上、全捐之下,惩罚机制与重复互动能把捐献率拉高;本工具假设同质玩家与线性乘数。

相关:志愿者困境计算器是「一人努力全组受益」的孪生问题;纳什均衡计算器定义占优策略;期望值计算器支撑私人回报的计算。

How to use the Public Goods Game Calculator

  1. Fill in the inputs with your own numbers — every field shows what it expects.
  2. The result updates instantly as you type; no "Calculate" click needed.
  3. Read the result card for the main figure, the step-by-step formula, and practical notes.

Frequently asked questions

Is the Public Goods Game Calculator free?

Yes — all math calculators on Calcton are free, with no sign-up required. Your inputs are processed in your browser and never sent to a server.

Is there a Chinese version of this tool?

Yes. Use the Chinese version link above — it is the same calculator with the interface in Simplified Chinese.

References

Formulas and benchmarks used by this calculator follow these published sources.

  1. dlmf.nist.gov
  2. mathworld.wolfram.com
Kevin's profile

KevinContent LeadCalcton Editorial Team · Last updated 2026-10-05

Kevin maintains Calcton's formula verification and content: every calculator cites the standard it implements, worked examples are recomputed programmatically, and health benchmarks follow WHO and international guidelines.

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